The Andes feature some of the highest elevations in the world, with peaks exceeding 6,000 meters (20,000 feet). Whether trekking, sightseeing, or climbing, altitude can significantly affect your body.

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Acclimatization is key

Spend a few days at moderate elevations (2,500–3,500 meters) before ascending higher. Destinations like Quito, Cusco, or Huaraz serve as great acclimatization points.

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Symptoms of altitude sickness

Headaches, dizziness, nausea, and shortness of breath are common. Descend if symptoms worsen.

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Stay hydrated

Drink plenty of water to help your body adjust. Avoid alcohol and excessive caffeine, which can dehydrate you.

Consider altitude medication – Acetazolamide (Diamox) can help with acclimatization if prescribed by a doctor.

Layered clothing​

A moisture-wicking base layer, an insulating mid-layer (fleece or down), and a waterproof outer shell.​​

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Waterproof gear

Rain can strike unexpectedly. Bring a rain jacket, pack cover, and waterproof hiking boots.​​

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Sun protection High-altitude sun is intense.

Pack SPF 50+ sunscreen, UV-protective sunglasses, and a hat.

 

​​Good footwear

Sturdy hiking boots with ankle support are a must for uneven Andean terrain.​​

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Trekking poles

Helpful for steep trails and reducing strain on knees.

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​Headlamp & batteries

Essential for early morning treks or overnight camping.

For those climbing Andean peaks like Chimborazo (6,263m), Cotopaxi (5,897m), or Huascarán (6,768m)

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Technical gear

Crampons, ice axes, harnesses, and helmets are required for glacier-covered summits.

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Nighttime ascents

Many high-altitude climbs start around midnight to reach the summit at sunrise.

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Extreme cold

Temperatures can drop to -20°C (-4°F) or lower. Proper insulated gear is essential.

The Andes' climate varies dramatically by region and altitude.

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Ecuador

Generally cool year-round with two seasons – dry (June to September) and wet (October to May). Highland areas like Quito and Cuenca can be chilly, while the Amazon basin is hot and humid.

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Peru

The dry season (May to September) is ideal for trekking, offering clear skies and cooler temperatures. The wet season (October to April) brings rain, especially in the Sacred Valley and Amazon regions.

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High altitudes 

Temperatures can drop below freezing at night, even in the dry season. Layering is essential.

The Andes offer some of the world's best trekking routes, from the Inca Trail to Cotopaxi and Huascarán National Park.

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Varied terrain

Trails range from dirt paths to rocky ridges and high-altitude passes. Expect river crossings and muddy conditions during the wet season.

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Permit regulations

Popular routes like the Inca Trail require permits and must be booked months in advance. Other treks, such as the Salkantay Trek or Quilotoa Loop, do not require permits.​

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Guides & porters

While some treks can be done independently, hiring a guide is recommended for safety, navigation, and cultural insights.

Local diet

 Expect hearty meals with potatoes, quinoa, rice, and meat (alpaca, guinea pig, chicken). In Ecuador, try locro de papa (potato soup), and in Peru, lomo saltado or ceviche.

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Trekking meals

Most guided treks include meals, but bring your own high-energy snacks (nuts, chocolate, protein bars).

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Water purification

Tap water is unsafe to drink. Use a water filter, purification tablets, or bottled water.